GREET
The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in
Transportation (GREET) model is produced and maintained by Argonne National
Laboratory under sponsorship by the U.S. Department of Energy's
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). GREET allows
researchers and analysts to evaluate various vehicle and fuel
combinations on a full fuel-cycle/vehicle-cycle basis. GREET is freely
downloadable and implementned in Excel™.
EBAMM
The ERG Biofuel Analysis Meta-Model (EBAMM) was developed by students
and faculty of the Energy and Resources Group and Richard & Rhoda
Goldman School of Public Policy at UC Berkeley to review the current
state of ethanol energy analyses. The model and the resulting paper
are freely downloadable from the EBAMM website.
GHGenius
The GHGenius model has been developed for Natural Resources Canada
over the past six years. It is based on the 1998 version of Dr. Mark
Delucchi's Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM). GHGenius is capable of
analyzing the emissions of many contaminants associated with the
production and use of traditional and alternative transportation
fuels.
Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM)
The Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM) estimates energy use, criteria
pollutant emissions, and CO2-equivalent greenhouse-gas emissions from
a variety of transportation and energy lifecycles. It includes a wide
range of modes of passenger and freight transport, electricity
generation, heating and cooking, and more. For transport modes, it
represents the lifecycle of fuels, vehicles, materials, and
infrastructure. It includes energy use and all regulated air pollutants plus
so-called greenhouse gases. It includes input data for up to 20
countries, for the years 1970 to 2050, and is fully specified for the
U.S.
AB1007
A variety of full fuel cycle assessments have been conducted to
support California's energy and environmental initiatives. AB 1007
required a full fuel cycle assessment to assess the potential emission
impacts of alternative fuels. This effort built on the analyses shown
below to examine over 60 fuel production pathways.
Low Emission Vehicle Program
Fuel cycle assessments have also been performed in support of the
California Air Resources Board's Low Emission Vehicle program. Work
for the ARB focused on examining the emission regulations and offset
requirements associated with fuel delivery, power production, and
vehicle fueling.
California Hydrogen Highway Blueprint Plan
The California Hydrogen Highway Blueprint Plan examined the emissions
impact of hydrogen vehicles on a well-to-wheels basis. The Societal
Benefits Topic Team report examines over 10 different hydrogen
production pathways and conventional gasoline and diesel production.
The impact of the renewable portfolio standard on applications using
electric power is also examined.
EUCAR, CONCAWE and JRC WTW Study
A joint evaluation of the Well-to-Wheels energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions for a wide range of potential future fuels and powertrains options
has been performed through the European Commission's Institute for
Environment and Sustainability
Australian Greenhouse Office study of
Life-cycle Emissions Analysis of Alternative Fuels for Heavy Vehicles
The report consists of three main parts. Part 1 consists of 15 chapters,
each of which provides a summary of the salient points of each fuel, with a
graphical representation of the emissions from the fuel, the reference fuel, and
similar fuels, together with a representation of the uncertainty associated
with the emissions.
Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
The Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation Programme will, from April 2008,
place an obligation on fuel suppliers to ensure that a certain percentage of
their aggregate sales is made up of biofuels. The effect of this will be to
require 5% of all UK fuel sold on UK forecourts to come from a renewable source
by 2010.
